Blank Spectrum

A blank spectrum is a reference measurement collected from a sample or environment without the target analyte, allowing background signals to be distinguished from signals produced by the material of interest. In spectroscopy, the instrument records absorbance, fluorescence, or emission across wavelengths, then uses the blank to correct for solvent, buffer, container, and instrument contributions. In bioengineering, blank spectra support quantitative analysis of biomolecules, cells, tissues, and engineered biomaterials by improving baseline correction and measurement accuracy. They also provide an essential control for validating experimental conditions, identifying contamination, and comparing spectral changes across biological samples.

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JoVE Core - Analytical Chemistry

Blank Solutions

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2024

A blank solution is a solution that does not contain the analyte, or the substance of interest being tested or measured. It is typically prepared using the same reagents and procedure as the sample solution but without adding the analyte. The primary purpose of preparing a blank solution is to account for any background interference or contamination that may affect the accuracy and reliability of the analytical method. In some experimental cases, the reagents, solvents, or lab equipment used in...

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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2020

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...

IR Spectrum

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2024

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber. Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

Executive Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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2023

Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California Attention, working-memory, planning, impulse control, inhibition, and mental flexibility are important components of human cognition that are often referred to as executive functions. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a disorder that lasts a lifetime, and is thought to affect...

Mass Spectrum

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2025

A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...

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