Nanoparticle Internalization
Nanoparticle Internalization - Related Videos
18:07
Analyzing Cellular Internalization of Nanoparticles and Bacteria by Multi-spectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Cited by 61 •
2012
In this article, we describe a method utilizing multi-spectral imaging flow cytometry to quantify the internalization of polyanhydride nanoparticles or bacteria by RAW 264.7 cells.
09:18
Internal Standards
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. B. Jill Venton - University of Virginia The goal of many chemical analyses is a quantitative analysis, where the amount of a substance in a sample is determined. In order to accurately calculate the concentration of an unknown from a sample, careful sample preparation is key. Every time a sample is handled or transferred, some of the sample can be lost. There are strategies however, for minimizing sample loss. There are also strategies for coping with sample loss and...
02:00
Internal Energy
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2020
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial. Although the values for Ufinal and Uinitial cannot be determined for a system, the first law of thermodynamics only...
10:06
Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
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2022
To rationally design efficient adjuvants, we developed poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle-stabilized Pickering emulsion (PNPE). The PNPE possessed unique softness and a hydrophobic interface for potent cellular contact and offered high-content antigen loading, improving the cellular affinity of the delivery system to antigen-presenting cells and inducing efficient internalization of antigens.
09:23
Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research
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Cited by 1 •
2014
Protocol details are provided for in vitro labeling human embryonic stem cells with second harmonic generating nanoparticles. Methodologies for hESC investigation by multi-photon microscopy and their differentiation into cardiac clusters are also presented.
FAQs
These particle properties affect how nanoparticles interact with the cell membrane and surrounding biological environment, which can change uptake efficiency. Size and shape influence membrane engagement, while surface chemistry and charge affect interactions at the cell interface. Comparing these variables helps bioengineers identify designs that promote cellular entry while supporting the intended delivery or sensing function.
Proteins in biological fluids can interact with nanoparticle surfaces before the particles contact cells. Those interactions become part of the particle’s biological interface and can influence how cells respond to or take up the material. For this reason, nanoparticle performance must be considered in the surrounding biological environment rather than judged only from the particle’s engineered properties.
After uptake, nanoparticles can traffic through intracellular compartments such as endosomes and lysosomes, or reach other cellular locations. This routing matters because the eventual destination affects whether a nanoparticle remains available within the cell and how it can perform its intended role. Understanding intracellular trafficking therefore supports designs that aim to control delivery, imaging, or other cellular outcomes.
Maximizing uptake alone does not establish that a nanoparticle design is effective. Bioengineering studies also consider how efficiently material enters cells and how the cells respond to it. Evaluating both outcomes helps researchers select particles that support useful delivery or measurement functions while improving control over biological effects, an important consideration in nanomedicine and tissue engineering.
Researchers can compare nanoparticles that differ in size, shape, surface chemistry, or charge and relate those features to cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. This approach connects material design with biological performance. The resulting information can guide selection of particles for drug delivery, gene transfer, imaging, biosensing, or tissue-engineering applications where cellular access is important.
These studies can indicate whether a nanoparticle enters cells efficiently, how it may traffic after uptake, and how its physical and surface properties influence that behavior. Such information helps assess whether a design is suitable for carrying therapeutic or genetic cargo, supporting imaging or biosensing, or contributing to tissue-engineering strategies. It also informs efforts to control cellular responses.