Underwater Projects
Underwater Projects - Related Videos
02:14
Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
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2025
Underwater endoscopic injection sclerotherapy might be a choice for patients with gastroesophageal varices (GEVs). The decreased peristalsis of the esophagus underwater can increase the success rate of intravascular injection and stabilize the vision.
13:35
Reefshape: A System for the Efficient Collection and Automated Processing of Time-Series Underwater Photogrammetry Data for Benthic Habitat Monitoring
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Cited by 2 •
2025
Presented here is a protocol for collecting and processing underwater photogrammetry data, including a significantly simplified and fully automated image processing pipeline resulting in georeferenced and time-series aligned outputs ready for ecological data extraction, analysis, and application.
09:19
Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
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Cited by 2 •
2025
This protocol covers a four-step large-area imaging survey methodology used to extract metrics of structural complexity, community composition, and population demographics for coral reef communities. The quality of imagery collected and integrated access to the source imagery are prioritized within each step of the protocol.
02:18
Fischer Projections
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2023
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
02:06
Newman Projections
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2023
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively. The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
FAQs
Designers balance hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and stability so a submerged structure or system remains properly positioned and performs as intended. Pressure creates demands on components, while buoyancy affects whether the system tends to rise, sink, or remain controlled in the water. Stability considerations connect these forces to safe operation, equipment selection, and project cost.
Currents influence both the forces acting on a project and the effort required to keep it stable. Engineers consider drag, the resistance produced as water moves around equipment or structures, when selecting designs and planning operations. Accounting for these effects helps reduce performance problems and supports safer construction, monitoring, and maintenance in changing submerged conditions.
Corrosion and water ingress can reduce the reliability of submerged systems, so engineers select materials and equipment that can tolerate contact with water. Sealed equipment limits unwanted water entry, while material choices address deterioration over time. These controls are especially important for systems that must continue operating during monitoring, maintenance, or long-term subsea service.
Remotely operated vehicles provide specialized access to submerged work areas, while sensors supply information for monitoring conditions or system performance. Together, these tools help engineers inspect, observe, and maintain projects in challenging environments. Their use extends engineering capabilities around underwater structures and systems and contributes to more reliable control during operation and maintenance.
Monitoring and maintenance are continuing engineering activities rather than one-time construction tasks. Engineers use sensors and remotely operated vehicles to observe submerged systems, assess their condition, and support maintenance work. Repeated attention helps track performance and water-related conditions, allowing project teams to preserve safety, reliability, and operational requirements throughout the system’s service.
Applications include offshore energy, marine transportation, scientific observation, environmental monitoring, and subsea infrastructure. Each area requires engineering decisions that account for water conditions while meeting different performance and reliability needs. These projects also improve access to underwater resources and habitats, making submerged engineering relevant to both industrial systems and scientific or environmental work.