Neural Markers
Neural Markers - Related Videos
03:20
Labeling Neural Cell Surface Markers with Azidosugar while Co-culturing with Endothelial Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates a protocol for co-culturing mouse brain endothelial cells and primary cortical stem cells and labeling the cell surface glycoproteins using Ac4ManNAz (azidosugar per-O-acetylated N-azidoacetylmannosamine). This method allows for selective enrichment and identification of cell surface proteins in primary cells.
10:32
Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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Cited by 5 •
2016
Neural stem cells (NSCs) refer to cells which can self-renew and differentiate into the three neural lineages. Here, we describe a protocol to determine NSC frequency in a given cell population using neurosphere formation and differentiation under clonal conditions.
11:39
Identifying Cell Surface Markers of Primary Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by Metabolic Labeling of Sialoglycan
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Cited by 1 •
2019
Presented here is a protocol that combines an in vitro neural-endothelial co-culture system and metabolic incorporation of sialoglycan with bioorthogonal functional groups to expand primary neural stem and progenitor cells and label their surface sialoglycoproteins for imaging or mass-spectrometry analysis of cell surface markers.
09:48
Neural Activity Propagation in an Unfolded Hippocampal Preparation with a Penetrating Micro-electrode Array
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Cited by 2 •
2015
We have developed an in vitro unfolded hippocampus which preserves CA1-CA3 array of neurons. Combined with the penetrating micro-electrode array, neural activity can be monitored in both the longitudinal and transverse orientations. This method provides advantages over hippocampal slice preparations as the propagation in the entire hippocampus can be recorded simultaneously.
03:54
Live Imaging and Single-Cell Tracking to Monitor Neural Lineage in Adult Neural Stem Cells
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2025
Source: Gómez-Villafuertes, R., et. al., Live Imaging Followed by Single Cell Tracking to Monitor Cell Biology and the Lineage Progression of Multiple Neural Populations. J. Vis. Exp. (2017) The video demonstrates the process of preparing, imaging, and tracking adult neural stem cells in real time to study cellular behaviors, including division and differentiation.
FAQs
The informative feature depends on what researchers need to identify. Molecular markers can indicate neurotransmitter expression, cellular markers can distinguish neural subtypes, and physiological markers can reflect electrical activity or patterns of brain activity. Anatomical connectivity adds information about how cells or regions are linked. Choosing among these signals determines whether the study emphasizes cell identity, circuit organization, or active neural processing.
Activity-dependent gene expression provides a molecular record associated with neural activity during a behavioral state or experience. When examined in selected cells or circuits, it can help relate patterns of brain engagement to learning, motivation, movement, stress, or social behavior. This approach is especially useful for identifying which neural populations respond during particular behavioral conditions.
Each complementary method reveals a different aspect of nervous-system organization. Imaging can help visualize activity or locations, histology can show cellular or anatomical features, and electrophysiology can characterize electrical activity. Combining these approaches allows researchers to compare molecular identity, circuit position, and physiological function, producing a more informative connection between neural changes and observed behavior than one measurement alone.
A study typically begins by selecting a marker that matches the neural feature of interest, such as neurotransmitter expression, cell subtype, connectivity, or activity. Researchers then examine that marker with an appropriate imaging, histological, or electrophysiological approach while relating the findings to behavior. The resulting comparison can identify regions or cell populations associated with the measured action or experience.
Neural markers can support studies of learning, motivation, movement, stress, and social behavior by indicating which cells, regions, or circuits are involved. They can also reveal activity-dependent changes associated with experience. This makes them useful for moving from a behavioral observation toward a cellular or circuit-level account of how nervous-system function contributes to that behavior.
Comparing marker patterns across developmental stages, disease conditions, or different experiences can show how neural circuits change over time or under altered circumstances. Differences may appear in neurotransmitter expression, neural subtype representation, anatomical connectivity, electrical activity, or activity-dependent gene expression. In behavioral research, these comparisons help relate circuit changes to shifts in observable actions.