Patrick Test
Patrick Test - Related Videos
02:36
A Septic Pinprick Technique to Introduce Systemic Bacterial Infection in Flies
0 Views •
2025
This video demonstrates a technique to infect Drosophila by introducing a pathogenic bacteria directly into their body cavity. This method bypasses epithelial barriers and other passive defense mechanisms, allowing for the induction of systemic infection. Upon infection, the resulting immune response is assessed by monitoring fly mortality and performing downstream assays.
04:26
Testing Sensory Nerve Function in a Surgically Denervated Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates testing sensory nerve function in a mouse model by surgically denervating one side and leaving the other as a control. The response to mechanical stimulation confirms the role of sensory nerves.
02:29
Establishing Bacterial Infection in Drosophila Larvae
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2026
Source: Hiroyasu, A., D et. al., Extraction of Hemocytes from Drosophila melanogaster Larvae for Microbial Infection and Analysis. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the procedure for establishing a bacterial infection in Drosophila larvae by placing them into a bacterial droplet and pricking them with a tungsten needle. The larvae are then incubated on a grooved, nutrient-rich agar plate to study host-pathogen interactions.
04:35
Ex vivo Pig Lung Model of Biofilm: A Technique to Develop Lung Model to Study Bacterial Biofilms on Pig Bronchiolar Tissue
0 Views •
2025
This video describes the protocol for developing an ex vivo pig lung model of bacterial biofilm on infected bronchiolar tissue. Biofilms are bacterial aggregates embedded in a matrix adherent to a surface. This model is used to study the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria at different stages of biofilm formation.
10:12
Systemic Bacterial Infection and Immune Defense Phenotypes in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Cited by 69 •
2015
Drosophila melanogaster is an outstanding model organism for studying innate immune systems and the physiological consequences of infection and disease. This protocol describes how to deliver robust and quantitatively repeatable bacterial infections to D. melanogaster, and how to subsequently measure infection severity and quantify the host immune response.
FAQs
The examiner considers both the location of reproduced pain and the movement restriction observed during the maneuver. Symptoms associated with the hip may support concern for intra-articular hip pathology, whereas posterior pelvic pain may point toward sacroiliac-region involvement. Because the same maneuver can involve both areas, interpretation depends on the overall clinical findings.
Pain and restricted movement are clinically meaningful findings, but neither identifies a single condition by itself. Pain may arise from hip joint or sacroiliac-region dysfunction, while limited movement indicates an abnormal response during the assessed range of motion. The examiner therefore compares the finding with the patient’s history and other examination results.
The alternative name reflects the three principal hip positions used during the maneuver: flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Recognizing both names helps clinicians connect descriptions in examination records or clinical discussions. The two terms refer to the same examination approach rather than separate tests with different purposes.
Patient history supplies context that the maneuver cannot provide on its own. Information about the location and character of symptoms helps determine whether reproduced pain is more consistent with hip involvement or posterior pelvic pain. Combining that history with movement findings and other examination results reduces the risk of treating one observation as a complete conclusion.
The patient lies supine while the examiner positions the tested hip in flexion, abduction, and external rotation, placing the ankle over the opposite knee. Gentle downward pressure is then applied. The examiner observes the available movement and whether this pressure reproduces symptoms, recording pain or restriction for clinical correlation.
Clinicians may use the maneuver when assessing symptoms that could involve the hip joint or sacroiliac region. Its findings can contribute to evaluation of intra-articular hip pathology and posterior pelvic pain. The test is most useful as one part of a broader examination, because its results require comparison with the patient’s history and other findings.