Robust Deep Learning Framework for Early Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Preprocessed Fundus Images and Optimized CNNs0 views•2026•Immunology and InfectionZhina Zhu1, Dandan Lin1, Qiuyu Wang1Zhina Zhu1Dandan Lin1Qiuyu Wang11Ophthalmology Department, Yueqing People's HospitalOphthalmology Department, Yueqing People's Hospital