Three-dimensional Organoids
Three-dimensional Organoids - Related Videos
01:32
Three-Dimensional Culture Systems: Spheroids and Organoids
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2026
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, including spheroids and organoids, support New Approach Methodology (NAM)-aligned research by providing more physiologically relevant models than conventional two-dimensional cell cultures. Because they more closely resemble the structure and cellular interactions of tissues and organs, these systems can provide physiologically relevant data before advancing to animal studies. Spheroids as Disease and Drug Screening Models Spheroids are generated when one...
05:40
Generation of Three-Dimensional Spheroids/Organoids from Two-Dimensional Cell Cultures Using a Novel Stamp Device
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Cited by 2 •
2025
This study presents a cost-effective and efficient methodology for generating 3D cell structures using a stamp-based system to create microwells in agarose molds. The system promotes the formation of uniform spheroids/organoids, thus improving cell interactions. This approach reduces experimental variability and supports applications in drug testing and tissue engineering.
08:24
Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes
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Cited by 2 •
2024
The present protocol describes pH measurements in human tissue-derived gastric organoids using microelectrodes for spatiotemporal characterization of intraluminal physiology.
07:11
Maintaining Human Glioblastoma Cellular Diversity Ex vivo using Three-Dimensional Organoid Culture
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Cited by 5 •
2022
Here, we describe a method of generating glioblastoma (GBM) organoids from primary patient specimens or patient-derived cell cultures and maintaining them to maturity. These GBM organoids contain phenotypically diverse cell populations and recreate tumor microenvironments ex vivo.
09:13
Two-dimensional Porcine Intestinal Organoids Reflecting the Physiological Properties of Native Gut
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2025
This study outlines a protocol for generating 2D monolayers of porcine organoids derived from the small and large intestines. The growth of these monolayers is marked by increasing TEER values, indicating robust epithelial integrity. Additionally, these monolayers exhibit physiological secretory responses in Ussing chamber experiments following the application of forskolin.
FAQs
Within supportive three-dimensional environments, cells divide, differentiate, and self-organize into specialized cell types and spatial relationships. These coordinated processes allow an organoid to reproduce selected features of an organ rather than merely forming an undifferentiated cell collection. For genetics research, the resulting organization helps investigators examine how gene activity relates to tissue development and disease-associated cellular changes.
Self-organization creates spatial relationships among specialized cells, providing biological context for interpreting genetic effects. A mutation can therefore be examined not only for its influence on individual cells, but also for how it may alter tissue-like organization or development. This makes organoids useful for connecting genetic variation with cellular phenotypes in a human-relevant model.
Researchers can use organoids to link mutations to cellular phenotypes by observing how genetic changes affect the cells and tissue-like structures that develop in culture. This approach supports investigation of inherited disorders and gene function, because the model provides a setting in which altered genetic information can be considered alongside changes in specialized cell types and their spatial relationships.
The starting cell population and the three-dimensional culture environment both influence organoid development. Researchers may begin with stem cells or tissue-derived cells, then maintain them in supportive conditions that permit division, differentiation, and self-organization. The resulting structure reflects selected aspects of the source biology, allowing investigators to focus on particular developmental, disease-related, or genetic features.
Generation begins with stem cells or tissue-derived cells. Researchers place those cells in a supportive three-dimensional environment and maintain culture conditions that allow cell division, differentiation, and self-organization. As development proceeds, specialized cell types and spatial relationships emerge. Investigators can then study how genes, mutations, or disease-associated changes relate to the tissue-like features produced in culture.
Researchers use organoids when they need to examine gene function, connect mutations with cellular phenotypes, or model inherited disorders in tissue-like structures. They can also investigate potential treatments in a human-relevant context. These applications are especially valuable when developmental processes are difficult to study in intact organisms, because organoids provide an experimentally accessible model of selected tissue features.
Organoids can retain aspects of donor or patient biology, allowing genetic and disease-related questions to be studied in a model connected to an individual source. This supports personalized disease research by helping investigators examine how a person’s biological characteristics relate to cellular phenotypes or treatment responses. The approach may also improve understanding of developmental processes that are difficult to study directly.