Cassie State
Cassie State - Related Videos
09:27
Analysis of Liver Microenvironment During Early Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish
0 Views •
Cited by 8 •
2021
Here, we present how to generate a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) zebrafish model to study the impact of cholesterol surplus on liver microenvironment and immune cell landscape.
13:55
Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
0 Views •
Cited by 5 •
2019
The Trypanosoma cruzi agent of Chagas disease produces long-lasting asymptomatic infections that abruptly develop into clinically recognized pathology. The following research protocol describes a short-run family-based epidemiological study to unravel the T. cruzi infection transmitted sexually from parent to progeny.
05:55
In Vivo Imaging of Leishmania infantum-infected Hamsters by Gingival Inoculation of Axenic Amastigotes Expressing Luciferase
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2025
Here we present a longitudinal evaluation of golden hamsters infected intraperitoneally (IP) or via intragingival (IG) with L. infantum-Luc by bioluminescent imaging and by PCR. Hamsters were evaluated 1 day post infection (1 dpi), 1 week after infection (8 dpi), and 3 weeks after infection (22 dpi) and euthanized at the 50th dpi and 8 months post infection.
06:59
Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
0 Views •
Cited by 5 •
2022
Presented here is sgRNA/CAS9 endonuclease and next-generation sequencing protocol that can be used to identify the mutations associated with double strand break repair near the CD4 promoter.
08:20
Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum
0 Views •
Cited by 77 •
2012
Sexual crosses and isolation of recombinant progeny are important research tools for the filamentous fungus, Fusarium graminearum, The techniques necessary successfully carry out these processes are presented.
FAQs
The Cassie-Baxter model relates wetting behavior to the fraction of solid surface directly contacted by the liquid. Because liquid contacts texture tops while air occupies underlying roughness, the effective interface combines solid, liquid, and air rather than behaving like a uniformly wetted surface. This reduced solid contact helps explain large apparent contact angles and low adhesion.
Surface texture, surface chemistry, pressure, and liquid motion all influence whether trapped air remains beneath the liquid. Changes in these conditions can destabilize the composite interface and allow liquid to enter the roughness, producing a transition to the fully wetted Wenzel state. Engineers therefore consider both material structure and operating conditions when predicting wetting behavior.
The key distinction is whether liquid remains supported over trapped air or penetrates and wets the underlying roughness. The Cassie state preserves a composite solid-liquid-air interface, whereas the Wenzel state represents full wetting of the textured structure. This difference changes the expected contact behavior and helps engineers evaluate whether a surface will retain water repellency under use.
Trapped air reduces the portion of the textured surface that directly contacts the liquid. That limited contact contributes to the low-adhesion behavior associated with the Cassie state, rather than allowing liquid to conform fully to the roughness. Maintaining this air layer is therefore central to engineering surfaces intended to support water repellency, self-cleaning, or anti-icing performance.
A design evaluation should consider the surface texture and chemistry together with expected pressure and liquid motion. These variables determine whether air remains trapped or whether wetting progresses into the roughness. Using this combination of structural and operating information, engineers can predict possible transitions and select surface designs suited to the intended environment.
Cassie-state surfaces support water-repellent coatings, self-cleaning materials, drag-reducing interfaces, anti-icing technologies, and microfluidic control. In each case, the relevant benefit comes from controlling how liquid contacts the textured surface and whether trapped air is preserved. The same wetting principle can therefore serve both protective material applications and systems that require deliberate liquid manipulation.
In microfluidic engineering, controlling the Cassie state can help regulate how liquid interacts with textured interfaces. The presence or loss of trapped air changes the liquid-contact condition, allowing surface design and operating conditions to influence wetting behavior. This makes the state relevant when engineers need to manage liquid movement or interface behavior within microfluidic systems.