Chronic inflammation, maladaptive immune responses, and impaired tissue regeneration underlie a wide spectrum of clinical problems—from neuropathic pain and acute lung injury to gynecologic, orthopedic, and degenerative joint diseases. Although each condition presents unique challenges, they share convergent molecular pathways involving cytokine signaling, oxidative stress, autophagy, microbiome dynamics, and biomechanical or biomaterial-assisted repair.

This Methods Collection aims to compile advanced protocols that modulate common biological pathways through various complementary approaches. These include targeted cytokine regulation (e.g., IL-35/Treg axis), manipulation of non-coding RNAs (e.g., lincRNA-COX2), the use of herbal-derived small molecules (e.g., Hydroxyl Safflower Yellow A and Sun’s Bushen Huayu decoction), electro-stimulation combined with herbal treatments, nanomaterial-enhanced wound care, and diagnostics focused on the microbiome.

By uniting detailed bench, pre-clinical, and translational methods, the collection will achieve the following:

1. Highlight cross-disciplinary innovations that accelerate immune rebalancing and structural healing
2. Provide reproducible laboratory and animal models for evaluating multimodal interventions
3. Foster collaboration between basic scientists, clinicians, and biomedical engineers working at the interfaces of pain research, pulmonology, reproductive medicine, and orthopedic surgery

Ultimately, these protocols will help the research community refine integrative therapeutic designs, shorten the path to clinical application, and inspire next-generation strategies that restore function while minimizing systemic side effects.