Highly polarized cells such as neurons have various compartments and require to rapidly respond to internal and external stimuli by altering the abundance and constitution of proteins. Neurons particularly rely on extensive spatial and temporal regulations of gene expression to receive, process, and restore information by creating functional and structural neuronal networks. Both developing and mature neurons can achieve this by using an evolutionarily conserved mechanism: trafficking-specific mRNAs to dendritic and axonal extensions, followed by localized protein synthesis. mRNA localization coupled to local translation is present in different stages of a neurons’ lifecycle, such as during axon guidance, synaptic formation and plasticity, neuronal injury, and degeneration.
The structural and functional complexity of the nervous system poses a challenge in studying mRNA localization and local translation. To this end, a repertoire of multidisciplinary in vivo and in vitro techniques in both single cell and tissue levels have been developed to shed lights on the mechanism by which transcripts are transported and translated. This Methods Collection aims to provide a platform to share and distribute cutting edge and novel ideas and protocols in a wide variety of in vivo and in vitro topics in the field including but not limited to preparation and handling of neurons and tissues, RNA and protein isolation, library preparation, single-molecule, cell and total labelling, live and fixed-tissue imaging of RNAs and proteins, transcriptomic, proteomic, gene expression and inhibition, in vitro reconstitution, image analysis, processing and quantification.