Outside Out Patch
Outside Out Patch - Related Videos
09:43
Patch Clamp Electrophysiology
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2023
Neuron cell membranes are populated with ion channels that control the movement of charge into and out of the cell, thereby regulating neuron firing. One extremely useful technique for investigating the biophysical properties of these channels is called patch clamp recording. In this method, neuroscientists place a polished glass micropipette against a cell and apply suction to form a high resistance seal. This process isolates a small “patch” of membrane that contains one or more ion channels.
01:02
Long-patch Base Excision Repair
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2020
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are: Lesion type: Depending on the type of base damage, a specific DNA glycosylase - mono or bifunctional, is recruited to the damaged site. While the sequential action of a monofunctional glycosylase favors long patch repair...
06:02
Isolation of Lymphocytes from a Mouse Peyer's Patch
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of lymphocytes from a harvested mouse Peyer's patch. The isolated lymphocytes can be used for further analysis.
11:01
A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System
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Cited by 50 •
2013
Multi-electrode patch-clamp recordings constitute a complex task. Here we show how, by automating of many of the experimental steps, it is possible to accelerate the process leading to qualitative improvement in performance and number of recordings.
05:30
Making Patch-pipettes and Sharp Electrodes with a Programmable Puller
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Cited by 22 •
2008
This video shows how to use a programmable puller to make patch pipettes and sharp electrodes for electrophysiology. The same procedure can be used to make a variety of glass tools, including injection needles.
FAQs
The orientation places the extracellular surface in direct contact with the surrounding solution, so researchers can control what reaches membrane channels and receptors from the outside. At the same time, the intracellular face remains linked to the recording pipette. This arrangement separates extracellular stimulation from electrical measurement and makes ligand-dependent membrane responses easier to analyze.
Rapid solution exchange lets investigators change the extracellular environment around the excised membrane quickly and reproducibly. Neurotransmitters, drugs, or other ligands can therefore be applied under controlled conditions while electrical recordings track the resulting channel currents. Comparing responses before, during, and after solution changes helps reveal how membrane proteins respond to specific external chemical signals.
Electrical recordings from the patch provide direct measurements of ion channel currents. Changes in those currents can be examined to study channel gating, meaning transitions between functional states, as well as ion selectivity, which describes how channels respond to different ions. These measurements connect molecular membrane behavior with experimentally controlled extracellular conditions.
Because the receptor-facing extracellular membrane surface is exposed, researchers can apply drugs, neurotransmitters, and other ligands directly to the receptors. Recording the associated membrane currents allows comparisons among ligand conditions and supports analysis of receptor pharmacology. The same strategy can also clarify how receptor activation contributes to broader cellular signaling mechanisms.
Formation begins with a whole-cell patch configuration, followed by gently withdrawing the recording pipette from the cell. During withdrawal, the membrane reseals into an excised patch, with the outer leaflet facing the surrounding solution and the intracellular face remaining connected to the pipette. This sequence creates the controlled orientation needed for external ligand application and current recording.
The exposed membrane surface permits controlled application of neurotransmitters, drugs, and other ligands. Researchers can therefore test how specific extracellular substances affect ion channels or membrane receptors while monitoring electrical currents. This approach is useful when the experimental question concerns ligand action, receptor responses, channel gating, or signaling triggered at the cell membrane.
This configuration is particularly valuable when researchers need to isolate membrane-protein responses from the surrounding cellular environment while retaining electrical access to the patch. Its applications include investigating ion channel gating, receptor pharmacology, ion selectivity, and cellular signaling mechanisms. By combining controlled chemical exposure with current measurements, it links extracellular signals to membrane electrical behavior.