Decay Insect Damage
Decay Insect Damage - Related Videos
02:48
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
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2020
Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time. The SI unit for activity is the becquerel, which is one disintegration per second. Another unit of activity is the...
07:16
Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts
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Cited by 1 •
2021
This protocol for immunofluorescent labeling of both plant virus proteins and vector insect proteins in excised insect guts can be used to study interactions among virus and vector insects, insect protein functions and molecular mechanisms underlying virus transmission.
01:47
Osmoregulation in Insects
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2019
Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area. Malpighian tubules extend from the digestive tract, typically the area between the midgut and hindgut, into the hemolymph—a mixture of blood and interstitial fluid found in insects and other arthropods, as well as most...
02:27
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
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2020
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs. Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
07:23
Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches
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Cited by 49 •
2014
We describe a protocol for using insect antennae in the form of electroantennograms (EAGs) on autonomous robots. Our experimental design allows stable recordings within a day and resolves individual odor patches up to 10 Hz. The efficiency of EAG sensors for olfactory searches is demonstrated in driving a robot toward an odor source.
FAQs
Moisture and temperature create the environmental conditions that determine whether biological deterioration can develop in wood. Fungal decay requires favorable levels of both, while insect-related weakening occurs through feeding, tunneling, or excavating galleries. Consequently, engineering evaluations must consider not only visible material loss but also the environmental conditions that may sustain damage or influence future service life.
Fungal decay acts by breaking down wood polymers, changing the material itself. Termites and beetles instead reduce the member through feeding, tunneling, or gallery excavation. These mechanisms can produce different patterns of deterioration, so an engineer should distinguish the biological cause when interpreting observations and deciding whether moisture control, treatment, repair, or broader risk management is appropriate.
Biological deterioration is an engineering concern because a member may lose strength even when the main task is to identify its cause. Engineers therefore combine observations with moisture measurements, probing, and nondestructive testing to estimate the extent of strength loss and remaining service life. Those estimates connect biological damage to structural maintenance and risk decisions.
An assessment typically combines visual inspection with moisture measurement, probing, and nondestructive testing. Visual inspection locates apparent deterioration, while the additional methods help characterize condition beyond what can be seen directly. Engineers use the resulting evidence to estimate strength loss and remaining service life, then select maintenance, treatment, repair, or moisture-control measures.
Moisture control addresses the environmental condition associated with fungal decay, whereas material treatment is one possible management response to biological deterioration. Their use is guided by the assessment rather than by appearance alone. In engineering maintenance, these measures can be considered alongside repair and risk management to protect wood-based systems and support continued service decisions.
Engineers apply these evaluations to buildings, bridges, utility structures, and other wood-based systems. The same assessment framework supports decisions about maintenance, structural repair, treatment, moisture control, and risk management across these settings. Its value lies in translating biological deterioration into estimates of condition, strength loss, and remaining service life for a specific structure.