Carbon Turnover
Carbon Turnover - Related Videos
09:04
Assessment of Labile Organic Carbon in Soil Using Sequential Fumigation Incubation Procedures
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Cited by 4 •
2016
Labile organic carbon (LOC) and the potential carbon turnover rate are sensitive indicators of changes in soil nutrient cycling processes. Details are provided for a method based on fumigating and incubating soil in a series of cycles and using the CO2 accumulated during the incubation periods to estimate these parameters.
01:14
The Carbon Cycle
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2019
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle. Biological Carbon Cycle All...
03:57
Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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2023
An animal model of acquired hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is crucial to understanding how HypoPT affects mineral ion homeostasis and to verify the effectiveness of novel treatments. Here, a technique is presented to generate an acquired hypoparathyroidism (AHypoPT) rat model by parathyroidectomy (PTX) using carbon nanoparticles.
14:27
Steady-state, Pre-steady-state, and Single-turnover Kinetic Measurement for DNA Glycosylase Activity
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Cited by 25 •
2013
Time courses for the glycosylase activity of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase are biphasic exhibiting a burst of product formation and a linear steady-state phase. Utilizing quench-flow techniques, the burst and the steady-state rates can be measured, which correspond to excision of 8-oxoguanine and release of the glycosylase from the product DNA, respectively.
01:19
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency
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2023
The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second. Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...
FAQs
Carbon stocks describe how much carbon is present, whereas turnover times indicate how long carbon remains associated with a reservoir. Fluxes show the movement rate between reservoirs. Considering both helps distinguish carbon that is relatively persistent from carbon that is rapidly exchanged, improving assessments of storage, release, and ecosystem response.
Photosynthesis transfers atmospheric carbon into living organic matter, while respiration returns carbon from organisms to the atmosphere. Decomposition transforms carbon in dead material and soils, influencing whether it remains stored or is released. Together, these processes connect biological activity with changes in ecosystem carbon balance.
Carbon can shift between organic and inorganic forms as it moves through environmental reservoirs. Processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, dissolution, burial, and combustion therefore represent different transformation pathways, not merely transfers of location. Distinguishing these forms helps researchers interpret measured fluxes and evaluate storage or release.
They measure turnover times and carbon fluxes, using those quantities to describe how quickly carbon is exchanged or retained among ecosystem reservoirs. The resulting information can be linked to ecosystem productivity, soil-carbon persistence, and greenhouse-gas emissions. These measurements also provide inputs for evaluating environmental change.
Changes in turnover times or fluxes can show whether an ecosystem is retaining carbon differently, releasing more carbon, or changing its productivity. Comparing these measures across climate or land-use conditions helps environmental researchers assess altered soil-carbon persistence and greenhouse-gas emissions without relying on carbon amount alone.
Turnover measurements connect observed carbon movement with the persistence of stored carbon and the release of greenhouse gases. Researchers can use that evidence in carbon-cycle models to examine ecosystem responses and compare management implications. The resulting analyses support conservation and restoration planning, as well as strategies intended to mitigate climate impacts.