Exhaust Stroke
Exhaust Stroke - Related Videos
09:54
Determination Of NOx in Automobile Exhaust Using UV-VIS Spectroscopy
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University In the troposphere, ozone is naturally formed when sunlight splits nitrogen dioxide (NO2): NO2 + sunlight → NO + O O + O2 → O3 Ozone (O3) can go on to react with nitric oxide (NO) to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen: NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 This results in no net gain of ozone (O3). However, with the anthropogenic production of ozone forming precursors (NO, NO2, and volatile organic compounds) through the combustion...
08:21
Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
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Cited by 8 •
2017
This protocol describes the procedure for non-invasive recovery assessments during a 72 h recovery period. This protocol induces muscular exhaustion of the frontal thighs using countermovement jumps and uses either local cold-cuff or thermoneutral-cuff application as a recovery modality.
10:45
The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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2025
This article presents a protocol for executing the highly translational and independently proven mouse Stroke Unit (mSU) concept in large-stroke mice. It also provides a standardized protocol for executing the focal experimental stroke scale in mice, which evaluates stroke focal deficits detected even long-term.
04:32
Exertional Heat Stroke Mouse Model: A Protocol to Study Mechanisms Underlying Exertional Heat Stroke
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2025
In this video we describe a step-by-step protocol to study exertional heat stroke (EHS) in a mouse model.
08:14
Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery
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Cited by 103 •
2014
Various murine models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are widely used in experimental brain research. Here, we demonstrate the model of transcranial permanent distal MCAO which produces consistent cortical infarction of a size corresponding to damage imposed by the majority of human ischemic strokes.
FAQs
Cylinder pressure determines how readily spent gases move out of the cylinder as the piston rises. Pressure conditions interact with piston motion and resistance in the exhaust flow path, influencing the work required to clear the cylinder. In physics terms, these effects help explain pumping losses, which reduce engine efficiency when gas removal demands additional mechanical work.
Valve timing controls when the exhaust valve opens and closes relative to piston position and crankshaft rotation. The timing determines how long gases have to leave and can include brief overlap with intake-valve operation. Because this schedule affects cylinder clearing, it also influences the quality of the fresh charge prepared for the next part of the engine cycle.
Three important variables are cylinder pressure, piston speed, and resistance to gas flow through the exhaust path. Their combined effects determine whether gases leave readily or require greater piston effort. Changes in these conditions alter the effectiveness of clearing and can consequently affect engine efficiency, combustion stability, and the conditions established for the following cycle.
Valve overlap is the brief period when exhaust-valve operation coincides with intake-valve operation. It links the end of gas removal with the beginning of preparation for a fresh charge, so its timing forms part of the engine’s overall valve schedule. Studying this interval helps explain how valve coordination affects cylinder clearing and subsequent engine operation.
As the crankshaft rotates, it drives the piston upward from bottom dead center toward the upper part of the cylinder. The rising piston reduces the available cylinder space and forces combustion products toward the exhaust port while the exhaust valve is open. This piston-crankshaft relationship provides the mechanical basis for studying pressure, flow resistance, and pumping losses.
The exhaust stroke determines how effectively combustion gases are removed before the engine prepares for a fresh charge. Incomplete or inefficient clearing can change the conditions entering the next cycle, making exhaust behavior relevant to combustion stability. The same process also provides a physics-based context for understanding emissions control in automotive and other mechanical systems.