Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer - Related Videos
01:29
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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2024
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
01:25
IR Spectrometers
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2024
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
01:23
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence
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2024
Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
13:31
High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
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Cited by 42 •
2015
Here we present a protocol to build a rapid Brillouin spectrometer. Cascading virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) etalons achieve a measurement speed more than 1,000 times faster than traditional scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometers. This improvement provides the means for Brillouin analysis of tissue and biomaterials at low power levels in vivo.
01:33
Atomic Structure
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2026
All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest individual units of elements. Each atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Together, these three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.The History of Atomic TheoryThe first person to propose that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles was the Greek philosopher Democritus, around 450 B.C. He used the term atomos, Greek for “indivisible,” from which the modern term “atom” is derived.
FAQs
Element selectivity comes from matching the illumination wavelength to the target atom’s element-specific response. After atomization, the instrument exposes free atoms to that light, and the excited atoms emit fluorescence as they return to lower energy states. Measuring the emitted signal allows the spectrometer to distinguish a selected element within a broader sample matrix, supporting targeted trace analysis.
The atomization source converts the sample into free atoms that can be illuminated and detected. A flame is one example identified for this instrument, although other atomization sources may also be used. This stage is essential because the fluorescence measurement depends on producing atoms from the original sample consistently enough for their emitted light to represent the element being examined.
The fluorescence signal is useful because its intensity relates to the concentration of the emitting element. The measurement therefore supports both identification and estimation of elemental levels, rather than merely showing that an element is present. This relationship is especially important when environmental samples contain contaminants at trace levels and decisions depend on determining their measured amount.
A typical measurement begins with introducing the sample into an atomization source, such as a flame, to produce free atoms. The instrument then illuminates those atoms at an element-specific wavelength and detects the fluorescence emitted as they return to lower energy states. The recorded fluorescence intensity is used to assess the corresponding elemental concentration.
Environmental applications include analysis of water, soil, sediments, and biological samples. The overview specifically identifies mercury, arsenic, selenium, and other metals as target contaminants. This range allows the same analytical approach to address different environmental materials while focusing on elements whose presence or concentration may indicate contamination or broader changes in environmental conditions.
The technique is useful when researchers need sensitive measurements of elemental contaminants in environmental materials. Its results can support pollution assessment, regulatory compliance monitoring, and evaluation of environmental health. By measuring elements such as mercury, arsenic, and selenium in relevant samples, laboratories can obtain information for examining contamination across water, soil, sediments, and biological systems.